INTAKES AND TRANSLATION OF WATER
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INTAKES:
An intake is a structure that is used to collect water from a source, such as a river, lake, or ocean, and channel it into a treatment plant or other water management system. Intakes are typically used to collect water for drinking, irrigation, or other purposes and are often equipped with screens or filters to remove particles and contaminants from the water.
TRANSPORTATION OF WATER:
Water can be transported over long distances using a variety of methods, including pipelines, tanker trucks, and canal systems. The method of transportation that is used depends on the distance the water needs to be transported, the volume of water that needs to be transported, and the terrain through which the water needs to be transported.
Conduits of water transportation :
1. Gravity conduits :
Gravity conduits are channels or pipes that are used to transport water from one location to another using the force of gravity. Gravity conduits are typically used to transport water over long distances and are often used in conjunction with other water management systems, such as reservoirs and treatment plants.
Gravity conduits are typically built on a slope, so that the water flows downhill under the force of gravity. The slope of the conduit determines the flow rate of the water, with steeper slopes resulting in faster flow rates.
Gravity conduits are often used to transport water for irrigation and other purposes, as well as to supply drinking water to communities. They are a sustainable and efficient way to transport water over long distances and can help to reduce the demand for treated drinking water, which can be expensive and energy-intensive to produce
Gravity conduits can be in the form of
1. Canals :
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Canals are man-made channels used for irrigation, transportation, or drainage. They are typically lined with a waterproof material such as concrete or clay to prevent water from seeping into the ground. Canals can be used to transport water for irrigation, to generate hydroelectric power, or to provide a navigable waterway for boats and ships. Canals are often used in areas where natural bodies of water are scarce or not well-suited for the intended use.
2. Flumes :
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A flume is a man-made channel or ditch with a sloping sides, typically made of wood, concrete, or stone, used for conveying water. Flumes are often used to transport water over long distances or to convey water to a higher elevation. They are commonly used in irrigation systems, hydroelectric power plants, and water treatment plants. Some flumes are also used for recreational purposes, such as in water parks or white-water rafting facilities.
3. Aqueducts :
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An aqueduct is a water management structure used to transport water from a source to a destination. Aqueducts are typically built to convey water over long distances, often over hills or across valleys, and can be constructed using a variety of materials such as stone, brick, or concrete. The Romans were famous for their aqueducts, which they used to bring water to their cities and support their public baths, fountains, and toilets. In modern times, aqueducts are still used for similar purposes, such as providing a reliable source of water for irrigation, industry, or household use.
2. Pressure conduits :
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Pressure water conduits are pipes or channels used to transport water under pressure. They are commonly used in plumbing systems to deliver water to homes, businesses, and other buildings, as well as in irrigation systems to convey water to crops and other plants. Pressure water conduits are typically made of metal or plastic, and are designed to withstand the pressure and flow rate of the water they are transporting. They may be buried underground or run above ground, and can be connected to a variety of water sources, such as wells, reservoirs, or public water systems. In addition to their practical uses, pressure water conduits can also be used for decorative purposes, such as to create water features in gardens or public spaces
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